第二題：閱讀理解和翻譯，給出一篇文章,閱讀之后,翻譯劃線句子。這個就是翻譯，沒什么好講的。今年的文章是選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2019年10月19期社論 Beyond the summit。好后悔沒有看啊！！！公眾號都推送了我卻沒看，氣死我了。不過也沒事，內(nèi)容還是很通俗易懂的，不要翻譯錯了專業(yè)術(shù)語就行。
THE cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is one of the most significant events in the history of the world. The old pagan culture came into collision with Christianity， which received official recognition during the reign of Constantine at the beginning of the fourth century and was declared the dominant state religion by Theodosius the Great at the end of that same century. It might have seemed at first that these two clashing elements， representing two diametrically opposed points of view， would never find a basis for mutual agreement. But Christianity and pagan Hellenism did intermix gradually to form a Christian-Greco-Eastern culture subsequently known as Byzantine. Its center was the new capital of the Roman Empire， Constantinople.
The person who was chiefly responsible for the many changes in the empire was Constantine the Great. During his reign Christianity stepped for the first time on the firm ground of official
recognition. From this time forward the old pagan empire gradually changed into a Christian empire.
The conversion of nations or states toChristianity has usually taken place during the early stage of their historical existence when the past has created no firmly established traditions， but merely some crude and primitive customs and forms of government. In such cases the conversion has caused no great crisis in the life of the people. But this was not characteristic of the Roman Empire in the fourth century. It already possessed an old world culture and had developed forms of government perfect for that time. It had a great past and an extensive body of ideas which had been assimilated by the population. This empire，changing in the fourth century into a Christian state， entered upon an era during which its past was contradicted， at times completely denied； this was bound to lead an extremely acute and difficult crisis.
