從六大考察題型教你英語閱讀解題技巧

djw0403

考研英語流傳一句話，得閱讀者得英語，所以閱讀真的是很重要。前幾天還聽到有人吐槽，閱讀錯(cuò)4、5個(gè)還有救么，當(dāng)然有救了！這才哪跟哪兒，現(xiàn)在錯(cuò)這么多，好好總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，考研的時(shí)候就不錯(cuò)啦。

　　今天學(xué)姐為大家從小標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題、態(tài)度題（常考）、主旨題（必考）和詞匯題（生詞）的為大家講解閱讀解題技巧，希望可以幫到大家~

　　一、小標(biāo)題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】段落中心+選項(xiàng)核心詞匹配

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 分析選項(xiàng)，找出核心詞

　　2. 逐一瀏覽相應(yīng)段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　在尋找段落核心信息時(shí)，主要是看有沒有出現(xiàn)標(biāo)題當(dāng)中的核心詞(包括原詞、近義詞、同根詞等)或段落主題句，如果有，那就是段落的中心或主題，如果沒有明顯的核心詞或主題句，就需要我們對(duì)段落信息進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)。

　　3. 匹配段落中心語義和標(biāo)題

　　【例題】2016年英語二Part B

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　[A]Be silly

　　[B]Have fun

　　[C]Express your emotions

　　[D]Don't overthink it

　　[E]Be easily pleased

　　[F]Notice things

　　[G]Ask for help

　　As adults， it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness， often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art - and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead， they look after their wellbeing instinctively， and usually more effectively than we do as grown-ups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

　　41___________.

　　(2) What does a child do when he's sad？ He cries. When he's angry？ He shouts. Scared？ Probably a bit of both. As we grow up， we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours， which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions， especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately， and then-again， like children-move on.

　　答案：[D] Express your emotions.

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 分析選項(xiàng)，找出核心詞為express， emotions

　　2. 逐一瀏覽相應(yīng)段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　emotions一詞在本段中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)了兩次，而且第二次出現(xiàn)該詞的句子句首是轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，在找段落中心時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)折后是必讀部分。最后一句提到了出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞express，提到對(duì)待情緒的方式是acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately，為段落中心句。

　　3. 匹配段落中心語義和標(biāo)題

　　D選項(xiàng)中的express在原文中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，emotions 即what we feel的同義替換，選項(xiàng)D與原文完全對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選D。

　　二、細(xì)節(jié)題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】題干+選項(xiàng)精確定位法

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章

　　返回原文可依據(jù)以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)來：

　　1)可以根據(jù)題干所列的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事物返回原文；

　　2)根據(jù)出題的順序返回原文；

　　3)根據(jù)題干中或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的重點(diǎn)詞，或同義詞返回原文；

　　4)通過長(zhǎng)難句返回原文。

　　2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章

　　【例題】2014年英語二Text 1 Q.21.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton， which of the following is the most rewarding purchase？

　　[A]A big house [B]A special tour [C]A stylish car [D]A rich meal

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1 .題干定位

　　Dumn and Norton---- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton

　　According to----say

　　the most rewarding ----far better

　　purchase---- to spend money on

　　因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema.

　　2. 選項(xiàng)定位

　　答案[B] A special tour

　　special----interesting 表示"特別的，有趣的"；

　　a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。

　　三、推理題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】段落中心句+具體細(xì)節(jié)

　　【解題步驟】

　　1.找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章段落。

　　2.找出該段落的中心句。

　　3.將段落中心句與具體細(xì)節(jié)句相結(jié)合，與選項(xiàng)匹配。絕大多數(shù)推理題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同義表達(dá)。正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關(guān)系。

　　【例題】2014年英語二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　24. According to the last paragraph， Happy Money_______.

　　[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

　　[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

　　[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 題干定位

　　題干關(guān)鍵詞：the last paragraph

　　Happy Money----this book

　　2. 段落中心句

　　該段中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句間轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet和but，中心句應(yīng)為最后一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的句子，所以本段的中心句為most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"這本書值得購(gòu)買"


　　四、態(tài)度題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】用詞的感情色彩或舉例的方式

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞回文定位。

　　2. 找出該關(guān)鍵詞的相關(guān)修飾語，進(jìn)行感情色彩的判斷。在判斷感情色彩時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合以下兩點(diǎn)：

　　1)作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：a.正向態(tài)度：支持，樂觀，贊同；b.客觀、中立、公正；c.負(fù)向態(tài)度：反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑。

　　2)特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)，匹配選項(xiàng)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：

　　1)有些選項(xiàng)一定不是正確答案(永陪選項(xiàng))：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心)；subjective(主觀的)；biased(有偏見的)；puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

　　2)一般帶有絕對(duì)化或者過于強(qiáng)烈的語氣的選項(xiàng)必然是錯(cuò)誤的，如：strongly；completely；entirely。

　　【例題】2014年英語二Text 1 Q.22.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat；regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is________.

　　[A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 回文定位

　　關(guān)鍵詞"American's watching TV"出現(xiàn)在該段第二句話：it would be better… if they spend less of it watching television (something the average spending a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it)。

　　2. 相關(guān)修飾詞

　　1) It would be better if they spend less of it. 意思是"如果少花點(diǎn)時(shí)間看電視則會(huì)好點(diǎn)。"

　　2) hardly jollier意思是"不開心"。

　　3) 得出作者的態(tài)度是負(fù)向的。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)

　　[A] critical 批評(píng)的----負(fù)向態(tài)度

　　五、主旨題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】主題詞+串線法

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 找出文章的主題詞，通常為名詞。

　　2. 找出文章各個(gè)段落的中心句，并將中心句串在一起。

　　3. 宏觀閱讀，匹配選項(xiàng)。正確選項(xiàng)通常體現(xiàn)全局以及概括性信息，因此選項(xiàng)不能選擇局部信息，也不能選擇范圍過寬的信息。

　　【例題】2014年英語二Text 1 Q.25.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small，tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly，what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat；regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　25. This text mainly discusses how to______.

　　[A] balance feeling good and spending money

　　[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 文章主題詞：fulfillment，spending money，happiness

　　2. 各個(gè)段落的中心句

　　第一段：最后一句。該句指出如果老婦人希望這筆新得到的財(cái)富獲得長(zhǎng)期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好讀一下《開心理財(cái)》這本書。

　　第二段：第五句。該句指出《開心理財(cái)》這本書的兩位作者的觀點(diǎn)，即最好把錢花在一些經(jīng)歷上，這些經(jīng)歷會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得更有價(jià)值(more valuable with time)。

　　第三段：第一句。該句指出這本書主要涉及的內(nèi)容是給人們提出了一些"如何從錢財(cái)中獲得最大幸福感"(happiness bang for your buck)的建議。

　　第四段：最后一句。該句指出，這本書值得夠買，體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)這本書持肯定態(tài)度，即作者贊同這本書中的觀點(diǎn)。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　文章的主題詞：money spent

　　lasting satisfaction-happiness

　　六、詞匯題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】題干+上下文語境

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到單詞所在的語句；

　　2. 結(jié)合該詞所在的上下文語境進(jìn)行語義判斷。在判斷意思時(shí)，需要注意若該單詞是熟悉的詞匯，并且不超綱，那么它的字面意思絕對(duì)不是正確答案。其正確答案是根據(jù)上下文推出的更深層的含義，該含義也許與原單詞表面意思沒有關(guān)系。

　　【例題】2015年英語二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys.People are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people's cortntlol，which is it at stress marker while they were at work.And while they were at home they found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

　　"Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，"writes one of the researchers，Sarah Damaske.In fact，women say they feel better at work.She notes，"it is men not women who report being happier at home than at work."Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without，but more so for non-parents.This is why pcople who work outside the home have better health.

　　What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home，they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles，and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

　　But it's not just a gender thing.At work，people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining material.

　　On the home front，however，people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor；they need to be talked into it，or if they're teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus，they're your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

　　So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite，the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

　　24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 題干定位

　　根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位到文章第四段最后一句The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。

　　2. 上下文語境判斷

　　定位到的句子講勞動(dòng)和所得的關(guān)系，也就是雇員付出一定的體力、腦力勞動(dòng)，從而得到維持生活的___。該句的前一句At work，people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing：working，marking money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income即工作中，人們清楚地了解他們的任務(wù)：工作，掙錢，完成為了獲得收入的各種事物。所以可以推斷出雇員付出勞動(dòng)的目的就是獲得收入。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)

　　[C] earnings.

　　At work，people ---- Employee，勞動(dòng)者即雇員；

　　physical or mental labor ---- working，腦力或體力勞動(dòng)即雇員的工作。

　　至此，從六大考察題型教你英語閱讀技巧已經(jīng)全部整理分享結(jié)束，希望對(duì)大家的英語閱讀練習(xí)有所幫助，也祝福大家考研英語閱讀0錯(cuò)誤！好好練習(xí)品味哦~