詳細(xì)的2017北語(yǔ)外語(yǔ)用考研真題回憶

奔跑的Nicole · 發(fā)表于 2017-1-3 22:06

語(yǔ)言學(xué)：
名詞解釋10個(gè)：50分
Displacement
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Locutionary act
Sense
Suprasegmental
Morpheme
Gradable antonyms
Conversational implicature
Paradigmatic relation
Phrase category

大題：1.define langue and parole，why they are different 15分
2.Cohesion and coherence 15分
3.Metapher theory proposed by Lorris，分析以下句子 20分
A.harry is in kitchen
B.Harry is in love

翻譯：50分

Neuroscientists have long observed that learning a language presents a different set of opportunities and challenges for adults and children.
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，神經(jīng)學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)成年人和孩子來(lái)說(shuō)有著不同的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)。
Adults easily grasp the vocabulary needed to navigate a grocery store or order food in a restaurant, but children have an innate ability to pick up on subtle nuances of language that often elude adults.
成年人很容易地掌握雜貨店或餐館必備詞匯，孩子就有與生俱來(lái)能力，辨別語(yǔ)言中細(xì)微的差別，而這些差別經(jīng)常會(huì)把成年人難住。
For example, within months of living in a foreign country, a young child may speak a second language like a native speaker.
比方說(shuō)，孩子只要在國(guó)外生活幾個(gè)月，就可以像外國(guó)人一樣說(shuō)外語(yǔ)。
Experts believe that brain structure plays an important role in this “sensitive period” for learning language, which is believed to end around adolescence.
一些專家認(rèn)為大腦結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)影響人們語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的敏感期，而敏感期止于青春期。
The young brain is equipped with neural circuits that can analyze sounds and build a coherent set of rules for constructing words and sentences out of those sounds.
孩子的大腦含有神經(jīng)回路，能夠分析聲音，建立起一套連貫的規(guī)則，從而利用這些聲音組詞造句。
Once these language structures are established, it’s difficult to build another one for a new language.
這些語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)建立完成，大腦就很難形成新的結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)習(xí)新一門語(yǔ)言。
In a new study, a team of neuroscientists and psychologists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) discovered another factor that contributes to adults’ language difficulties: When learning certain elements of language, adults’ more highly developed cognitive skills actually get in the way.
在一項(xiàng)研究中，由來(lái)自麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）神經(jīng)學(xué)家及心理學(xué)家組成的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)另一種因素，可以解釋成年人學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的難點(diǎn)：在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的某一方面時(shí)，成年人高度發(fā)達(dá)的認(rèn)知技能實(shí)際上阻礙了語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)。
The researchers discovered that the harder adults tried to learn an artificial language, the worse they were at deciphering the language’s morphology —the structure and deployment of linguistic units such as root words, suffixes, and prefixes.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，成年人在學(xué)習(xí)人造語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中越努力，那么他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言形態(tài)學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)就越糟糕。（形態(tài)學(xué)指的是詞根、后綴及前綴等語(yǔ)言單位的結(jié)構(gòu)及組合。）

二、
基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)卧~10分，閱讀5個(gè)，每題字?jǐn)?shù)不斷增加，難度加大，第二篇古代與現(xiàn)代喜歡暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)， bloodthirsty,第三篇約500字，第四篇邏輯哲學(xué)，fact與theory，800詞左右，第五篇 900-1000字左右，有一篇是吉普賽人，第一篇350左右，搜到了是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀：挪威政府意欲控制石油工業(yè)
　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”

　　Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

　　[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.

　　[B] slow down the rate of its development.

　　[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.

　　[D] develop more quickly than at present.

　　2. The Norwegian Government has tried to

　　[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

　　[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.

　　[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.

　　[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

　　3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to

　　[A] the development of industry.

　　[B] a growth in population.

　　[C] the failure of the development programme.

　　[D] the development of new towns.

　　4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be

　　[A] a large reduction on unemployment.

　　[B] a growth in the tourist industry.

　　[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.

　　[D] the development of a number of service industries.

　　5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because

　　[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

　　[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.

　　[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.

　　[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.
翻譯
英譯漢：蘇格拉底400詞左右
漢譯英
毛澤東逃學(xué)的故事：
我七歲起就在本村一個(gè)小學(xué)讀書(shū)，一直到13歲。每天清早和晚上我在田里做工，白天就讀“四書(shū)”。我的塾師管教甚嚴(yán)，他很嚴(yán)厲，時(shí)常責(zé)打?qū)W生。因此我在13歲的時(shí)候便從校中逃出。逃出以后，我不敢回家，恐怕挨打，于是向城上的方向走去，我以為那個(gè)城是在山谷里面。我漂流了三天之后，家里才找到我。這時(shí)我才知道我的旅行不過(guò)繞來(lái)繞去地兜圈子而已，一共走的路程不過(guò)距家約八里。
但回家之后，出乎我意料之外，情形反而好了一點(diǎn)兒，父親比較能體諒我了，而塾師比以前來(lái)得溫和。我這次反抗的結(jié)果，給我的印象極深。這是我第一次成功的“罷課”。
　我的母親是一個(gè)慈祥的婦人，慷慨而仁愛(ài)，不論什么都肯施舍。她很憐惜窮人，在荒年她常常施米給那些跑來(lái)乞討的人。

作文是face value 以 A critic of face value 寫(xiě)400字作文。

三、法語(yǔ)
選擇題20道
對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)
時(shí)態(tài)填空
翻譯：漢譯法
1.如果你每天運(yùn)動(dòng)的話，你媽媽會(huì)更高興
2、她最喜歡的那本是去年出版的
3、我們的汽車在高速公路上壞了，都怪你！你出發(fā)之前就沒(méi)有檢查一下汽車嗎？
4、今天巴黎天氣很涼爽。
5、他希望十年后開(kāi)個(gè)面包店。
法譯汗：申請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┳闱驁?chǎng)地設(shè)備什么的。
作文二選一
100-120詞：
mes vacances d’hiver
Ma derniere annee universitaire

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