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專業能力部分：
一：英譯漢 50分。
Character is nature in the highest form. It is of no use to ape it or to contend with it. Somewhat is possible of resistance, and of persistence, and of creation, to this power, which will foil all emulation.
This masterpiece is best where no hands but nature\\\'s have been laid on it. Care is taken that the greatly-destined shall slip up into life in the shade, with no thousand-eyed Athens to watch and blazon every new thought, every blushing emotion of young genius. Two persons lately, very young children of the most high God, have given me occasion for thought. When I explored the source of their sanctity and charm for the imagination, it seemed as if each answered, \\\'From my nonconformity; I never listened to your people\\\'s law, or to what they call their gospel, and wasted my time. I was content with the simple rural poverty of my own; hence this sweetness; my work never reminds you of that;--is pure of that.\\\' And nature advertises me in such persons that in democratic America she will not be democratized. How cloistered and constitutionally sequestered from the market and from scandal! It was only this morning that I sent away some wild flowers of these wood-gods. They are a relief from literature,--these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment; as we read, in an age of polish and criticism, the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation. How captivating is their devotion to their favorite books, whether Aeschylus, Dante, Shakspeare, or Scott, as feeling that they have a stake in that book; who touches that, touches them;--and especially the total solitude of the critic, the Patmos of thought from which he writes, in unconsciousness of any eyes that shall ever read this writing. Could they dream on still, as angels, and not wake to comparisons, and to be flattered! Yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise, and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound, there is no danger from vanity. Solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the head\\\'s being turned by the flourish of trumpets, but they can afford to smile.
As I have said, Nature keeps these sovereignties in her own hands, and however pertly our sermons and disciplines would divide some share of credit, and teach that the laws fashion the citizen, she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong. She makes very light of gospels and prophets, as one who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one. There is a class of men, individuals of which appear at long intervals, so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been unanimously saluted as divine, and who seem to be an accumulation of that power we consider. Divine persons are character born, or, to borrow a phrase from Napoleon, they are victory organized.
二：漢譯英 40分。
文章感覺很生硬，查了一下大概是復旦大學哲學學院教授張汝倫發表于2018年第03期的《哲學研究》的文章《論“內在超越”》截取的幾句話生拉在一起，有的是漢學家余英時的話，有的話是史華茲的……翻譯的內容大概如下：
中西文化都認為人間秩序和道德價值的來源是超越性的:西方在柏拉圖那里是理型, 在基督教那里是上帝, 而中國便是天。但是, 在處理超越世界與現實世界的關系上, 或用中國的術語說天人關系上, 中西文化迥然兩樣。西方在超越世界和現實世界之間劃下一道不可逾越的鴻溝。而中國人認為“兩個世界則是互相交涉, 離中有合、合中有離的”。具體而言, 這種不即不離的關系就是超越性的道即在人倫日用之中, 而人倫日用也不能須臾離道。中國人關注的是道德-精神生活主觀內在的方面。人能培養自己內在的道德成長能力, 能達到被稱為仁的內在道德完善。或者說, 人能在自己身上超越實然趨向應然 (即實現道德行為) 。在此意義上, 社會中倫理的事物是出于人的主體。所謂向內超越, 是指關注道德-精神生活的主觀方面。 但這并不是說道德的根據在人的主觀性, 更不是說“超越”概念失去了其外在性的含義。除了道德的內在根源外, 始終存在外在的理想社會秩序和正常的自然秩序。
三.閱讀 60分
閱讀考的是伊格爾頓那本文學理論Literary Theory：An Introduction的第一章The Rise of English節選，外研社影印版19頁To speak English Literature這一段開始——22頁Like the religion這一段上面那一段結尾結束，內容是文學和意識形態的關系。
1. 13個單詞解釋，13分。
evaporate pacify foster contemplative equanimity resonance turbulent philistine anarchy menace antidote trivia luminous
2. 幾個短語和句子的paraphrase，3分+6分+6分。
第一題考了social cement的含義，在選段的第二段第三段共出現兩次，如何理解social cement
第二題考的是paraphrase \\\"Like all successful ideologies, it works much less by explicit concepts...mythology\\\"這句話。還有個短語的paraphrase忘了。
第三題是paraphrase \\\"refreshingly unhypocritical\\\"
并pharaphase \\\"Arnold is refreshingly unhypocritical: there is no feeble pretence ...in the least \\\'disinterested\\\' \\\"整句話。
最后是讓總結作者的觀點，然后就用意識形態批評分析作品的strong points and weak points給出critical response且歡迎用具體文學作品來論述。作文32分。好像要求寫450——500字？
專業知識部分：
英國文學：六選二
1. 給了個節選，沒細看，還是彌爾頓，撒旦什么的
2. 好像是Dryden，說他既是作家，也是批評家？讓寫篇essay論述他的相關文學批評？
3. 考的wordsworth的詩歌分析，分析語言什么的，并說明其反應了浪漫主義的什么特點和思想，大概是這樣。
4. 馬修阿諾德相關。
5. hero和heroism的問題。說狄更斯的大衛科波菲爾有一句話，好像是開頭？好像是說敘述者要去看自己能否成為hero of his own life或者anybody else成為hero？然后薩克雷的名利場副標題是一部沒有hero的小說。讓解釋狄更斯的hero of his own life，以及名利場是一部沒有英雄的小說indicate什么。然后聯系維多利亞時期的小說，描述相關作家如何understand或者broaden或者xxx the traditional concept of hero and heroism
6. 說的是維多利亞時期人們對progress的自信同時伴隨著anxiety，讓用具體的文學作品來分析維多利亞的作家們，要么是散文家要么是小說家們（比如classical and Christian xxx？括號里的記不大清楚 但他就是舉個例子 我也沒看懂括號里給的例子，我寫的是別的）表達了哪些anxiety以及如何表現的。
美國文學：三選一
1.說有個美國文學評論家在一本書里說美國文學有個eccentric romance feature？的特點？說作家free the character or the reader from the forces of society？（natural，historical，social？）似乎individual不會受社會上的各種力量影響，甚至作家讓individual成為世界的主宰？大意好像是這樣，可能有些許錯誤。反正就是強調個人主義的，和個人自由的，好像。讓用19世紀美國文學的相關作品分析，作家在作品中是如何exemplify或者和這個觀點相反的。
2.給了個選段，讓identify 這個story的作者，并回答相關問題，沒細看，我也不知誰寫的。
3.詩歌分析。詩很短 讓分析語言什么的，最好能再聯系一下作者的其他作品。沒細看。
來源: 2019年北京大學英語語言文學專業真題（回憶版）來自Android客戶端 |
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發表于 2018-12-24 13:15
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